Kejahatan kekerasan seksual di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan tiap tahunnya. Hukuman pidana bagi pelaku kekerasan seksual sebagaimana tercantum dalam KUHP dan Undang-Undang Perlindungan anak dianggap belum efektif sehingga Pemerintah menerbitkan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2016 yang menerapkan pemberatan sanksi pidana bagi pelaku kekerasan seksual diantaranya dengan memberlakukan kebiri secara kimiawi. Hukuman kebiri kimia ini merupakan reaksi dari banyaknya kasus seksual terhadap anak, dikarenakan penjatuhan pindana penjara terhadap pelaku kejahatan seksual dianggap tidak efektif dalam mengurangi kasus kekerasan sesksual terhadap anak. Permasalahan diatas menimbulkan isu hukum mengenai kebijakan hukuman kebiri terhadap pelaku kekerasan seksual pada anak dan penerapan hukuman kebiri kimia bagi pelaku kekerasan seksual pada Anak. Isu hukum ini diteliti menggunakan metode dengan tipe penelitian kajian Yuridis Normatif dan menggunakan Pendekatan Peraturan Perundang-undangan (Statue Approach) serta Pendekatan Konseptual (Conceptual Approach). Pada akhir penelitian ini penulis menarik kesimpulan bahwa Sanksi Pidana terhadap pelaku kejahatan seksual pada anak ditinjau dari Undang-undang Nomor Tahun 17 Tahun 2016 Tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak yang terdapat di dalam Pasal 81 serta Pasal 81 A, merupakan dasar hukum kebiri dapat diberlakukan bersama-sama dengan pidana pokok, adapun hukuman kebiri yang dilakukan dapat berupa kebiri fisik dan kebiri kimia. Penerapan kebiri secara kimiawi ini menimbulkan pro kontra di masyarakat terkait efektifitasnya dan pemberlakuannya yang dianggap melanggar hak asasi manusia sebagaimana termuat dalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, Konvensi Internasional ICCPR dan CAT yang telah diratifikasi oleh Indonesia, dan Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang HAM.

Sexual violence crimes in Indonesia have increased every year. Criminal penalties for perpetrators of sexual violence as stated in the Criminal Code and the Law on Child Protection are considered ineffective, so the Government issued Law Number 17 of 2016 which imposes heavier criminal sanctions for perpetrators of sexual violence, including by imposing chemical castration. This chemical castration punishment is a reaction to the many cases of sexual violence against children, because the imposition of prison terms on perpetrators of sexual crimes is considered ineffective in reducing cases of sexual violence against children. The above problems raise legal issues regarding the policy of castration on perpetrators of sexual violence against children and the application of chemical castration for perpetrators of sexual violence against children. This legal issue is investigated using a normative juridical type of research method and using the Legislative Approach (Statue Approach) and Conceptual Approach (Conceptual Approach). At the end of this study the author draws the conclusion that criminal sanctions against perpetrators of sexual crimes against children in terms of Law Number 17 of 2016 concerning Stipulation of Government Regulations in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2016 concerning Second Amendment to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child protection contained in Article 81 and Article 81 A, is the legal basis for castration that can be applied together with the main crime, while the castration punishment carried out can be in the form of physical castration and chemical castration. The application of chemical castration raises pros and cons in the community regarding its effectiveness and its implementation which is considered to violate human rights as contained in the 1945 Constitution, the ICCPR and CAT International Conventions which have been ratified by Indonesia, and Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights. .