
Daya Pikat Tanaman Refugia Dan Gulma Terhadap Musuh Alami Di Areal Budidaya Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis)
Pengarang : Andi Ihzan Hidayah - Personal Name;
Perpustakaan UBT : Universitas Borneo Tarakan., 2021XML Detail Export Citation
Abstract
Pemanfaatan tumbuhan berbunga (refugia) dalam rangka memikat musuh alami hadir di areal budidaya merupakan bagian dari pendekatan pengendalian hayati secara konservasi. Potensi gulma berbunga pada areal budidaya tanaman kelapa sawit, serta penanaman refugia, merupakan upaya rekayasa meningkatkan keberlanjutan musuh alami di areal tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui dan membandingkan komposisi musuh alami pada areal budidaya tanaman kelapa sawit yang ditanami refugia dan hanya ditumbuhi oleh gulma. Penelitian survey dengan melakukan sampel musuh alami pada petak gulma tanpa tanaman refugia (GO), Gulma dan tanaman kenikir (GT), Gulma dan tanaman bunga matahari (GM), dan Gulma, tanaman kenikir dan tanaman bunga kertas (GMT). Jumlah petak pengamatan masing-masing sebanyak 4 kali. Pengambilan data utama berupa jenis dan jumlah (komposisi) arthropoda menggunakan jaring ayun selama 4 kali pengambilan. Selain itu, dilakukan analisis nilai SDR gulma, jumlah bunga, dan warna pada masing-masing unit percobaan. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif, dengan membandingkan rata-rata antar variabel, serta hubungan antara variabel jumlah bunga dan jumlah individu musuh alami menggunakan analisis regresi dan korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komposisi spesies musuh alami pada areal tumbuhan gulma dan tambahan tumbuhan refugia terdiri dari 5 Ordo, 11 Famili, dan 14 Spesies. Spesies Bathyphantes nigrinus merupakan predator yang dominan dari kelompok laba-laba dan dari kelompok insekta dari spesies Cosmolestes picticep. Terdapat perbedaan rata-rata jumlah dan individu spesies musuh alami pada areal budidaya tanaman kelapa sawit yang hanya ditumbuhi gulma dan tambahan tanaman refugia, dan petak yang terdapat tambahan tanaman refugia memiliki jumlah individu musuh alami lebih tinggi. Selanjutnya, terdapat hubungan positif dan nyata antara jumlah bunga dan jumlah individu musuh alami.
Kata Kunci: Kelapa Sawit, Musuh Alami, Refugia
The use of flowering plants (refugia) in order to attract natural enemies present in the cultivation area is part of a conservation biological control approach. The potential for flowering weeds in oil palm cultivation areas, as well as refugia planting, is an engineering effort to increase the sustainability of natural enemies in the area. This study aims to determine and compare the composition of natural enemies in the cultivation area of ??oil palm plants planted with refugia and only with weeds. Survey research by conducting samples of natural enemies on weed plots without refugia (GO), weeds and kenikir plants (GT), weeds and sunflower plants (GM), and weeds, kenikir plants and paper flower plants (GMT). The number of observation plots was 4 times each. Main data were collected in the form of the type and number (composition) of arthropods using a swing net for 4 times. In addition, an analysis of the SDR value of weeds, the number of flowers, and the color was carried out in each experimental unit. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, by comparing the mean between variables, and the relationship between the variable number of flowers and the number of individual natural enemies using regression analysis and correlation. The results showed that the composition of natural enemy species in the weed and refugia plant areas consisted of 5 orders, 11 families, and 14 species. The species Bathyphantes nigrinus is the dominant predator of the spider group and the insect group of the species Cosmolestes picticep. There is a difference in the average number and individual of natural enemy species in oil palm cultivation areas where only weeds and refugia are grown, and the plots with additional refugia plants have a higher number of individual natural enemies. Furthermore, there is a real and positive relationship between the number of flowers and the number of individual natural enemies. Keywords: Palm Oil, Natural Enemies, Refugia